Common Vision Problems that Cause Senior Falls

by | Jan 23, 2025

Falls are a leading cause of injury among seniors, and impaired vision is a key contributor that is often overlooked. Many common age-related eye conditions can reduce balance, depth perception, and the ability to navigate environments safely. Understanding these issues is the first step in preventing falls and ensuring your loved ones stay safe at home.

Explore the most common vision problems that lead to falls in seniors. Plus, discover practical steps caregivers and seniors can take to mitigate the risks.

Vision Problems that Contribute to Falls

Vision plays a critical role in balance, depth perception, and mobility. Here are the most common age-related eye conditions that can increase fall risk:

Poor Depth Perception

Depth perception is the ability to perceive the world in 3 dimensions and determine the distance of objects. This ability often diminishes with age, making it difficult to judge steps, curbs, or uneven surfaces accurately.

  • Cause: We experience a loss of depth perception as we get older. Multi-focal or bi-focal lenses can distort depth perception when looking down because they’re designed for reading or close-up tasks.
  • Solution: Restrict the use of multi-focal lenses while walking and opt for single-vision glasses if needed.

Cataracts

Cataracts occur when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, leading to blurred or dim vision. Approximately 72% of seniors develop cataracts.

  • Symptoms: Difficulty seeing in low light, sensitivity to glare, gradual loss of vision, and muted colors.
  • Solution: Increase lighting intensity in the home, reduce glare with anti-glare coatings on glasses, and discuss surgical options with an eye doctor.

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders that damage the optic nerve and can lead to a limited field of vision as side vision is lost. It is the second leading cause of blindness in the United States.

  • Symptoms: Gradual loss of peripheral vision, which can make it harder to detect obstacles.
  • Solution: Regular eye exams for early detection because glaucoma often progresses without noticeable symptoms. Medications or surgery can help control the condition and prevent further vision loss.

RELATED CONTENT: Understanding Glaucoma in Seniors

Adjusting to Lighting Changes

As we age, our eyes take longer to adjust to changes in light. Transitioning from a bright bathroom to a dimly lit bedroom can create temporary vision impairment. This adjustment period increases the risk of tripping over unseen objects.

  • Solution: Install nightlights in hallways and bedrooms to improve visibility at night. Use dimmer light bulbs in bright areas to reduce stark contrasts.

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

AMD affects the central part of the retina, responsible for sharp, detailed vision. It forces individuals to rely on peripheral vision, which can make navigating environments more challenging.

  • Symptoms: Blurred or distorted central vision, difficulty recognizing faces, and trouble reading.
  • Solution: Regular eye check-ups, the use of magnifying glasses, and vision aids to help with daily tasks.

RELATED CONTENT: Facts about Macular Degeneration in Seniors

Diabetic Retinopathy

This condition occurs when diabetes damages the blood vessels in the retina, causing vision to become blotchy or distorted.

  • Symptoms: Spots or strings floating across vision, blurred vision, and impaired color perception.
  • Solution: Manage blood sugar levels and schedule routine eye exams to monitor and treat the condition early.

Preventative Measures to Reduce Fall Risk

While vision problems cannot always be prevented, there are steps you can take to minimize their impact and reduce the risk of falls.

1. Schedule Yearly Eye Exams

Regular eye exams are essential for detecting and treating vision problems early. Eye doctors can:

  • Test depth perception, peripheral vision, and clarity.
  • Screen for conditions like cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration.
  • Recommend appropriate corrective lenses or treatments.

Pro Tip: Seniors with existing eye conditions may need more frequent check-ups (e.g., every 6 months).

2. Install Better Lighting

Improving home lighting can make a significant difference in preventing falls.

  • Using bright, energy-efficient LED bulbs in high-traffic areas.
  • Installing motion-activated lights in hallways and bathrooms.
  • Adding task lighting for activities like reading or cooking.

3. Manage Chronic Conditions

Chronic conditions like diabetes or hypertension can exacerbate vision problems. To prevent complications:

  • Follow prescribed treatments and medications.
  • Monitor blood sugar and blood pressure levels regularly.
  • Consult healthcare providers about how these conditions may affect vision.

4. Pay Attention to Vision Changes

Seniors and caregivers should monitor for:

  • Difficulty perceiving contrast (e.g., curbs, steps, or clutter).
  • Increasing reliance on touch to navigate.
  • Frequent squinting or complaints about poor visibility.

Promptly report any changes to an eye doctor.

5. Make Home Modifications

Simple adjustments to a senior’s living environment can significantly reduce the risk of falls:

  • Eliminate Tripping Hazards: Remove loose rugs, secure electrical cords, and keep walkways clear.
  • Mark Edges and Steps: Use contrasting tape or paint to make stairs and edges more visible.
  • Add Handrails: Install grab bars in bathrooms and handrails on both sides of staircases.
  • Use Non-Slip Mats: Place non-slip mats in bathrooms, kitchens, and other areas prone to spills.

6. Use Technology

Technology can play a vital role in keeping seniors safe. Here are some helpful tools:

  • Smartwatches: Many now include fall-detection features that can alert caregivers or emergency services.
  • Pendant Alarms: Lightweight pendants can be worn around the neck and activated in case of a fall.
  • Magnifying Glasses: Useful for reading small text or navigating unfamiliar areas.
  • Contrast-Enhancing Glasses: Designed to improve visibility and depth perception.
  • Smartphone Apps: Apps like Be My Eyes connect seniors with sighted volunteers who can help them navigate in real time.

7. Get Support from a Caregiver

Caregivers play a critical role in supporting seniors with vision problems. Here’s how:

  • Watch for signs of declining vision, such as hesitation on stairs or frequent bumping into objects.
  • Help schedule and attend regular eye exams.
  • Implement changes like better lighting or removing clutter.
  • Provide emotional support and companionship to seniors with vision loss to alleviate loneliness and anxiety.

Final Thoughts: Prioritize Vision to Prevent Falls

Vision problems are a significant yet often overlooked factor in senior falls. By addressing common eye conditions, making proactive adjustments to the home, and utilizing modern technology, caregivers, and seniors can work together to reduce fall risks and enhance quality of life.

Caring Senior Service understands the challenges of aging and is committed to helping seniors remain safe and independent at home. Contact your local office today to learn more about their fall prevention resources and personalized care plans.

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