If a loved one has tremors, stiffness, or other movement challenges, you may have come across terms like Parkinson’s disease and Parkinsonism. These terms are often used interchangeably, but they describe different nervous system conditions. Much like the distinction between dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease is a specific condition, while Parkinsonism is a broader term that includes several disorders with similar symptoms.
Understanding the difference is crucial for proper diagnosis, treatment, and planning for care. Explore what sets Parkinson’s apart from Parkinsonism, how they are diagnosed, and what treatments are available. Plus get tips on how caregivers can support loved ones with these movement disorders.
What Is Parkinsonism?
Parkinsonism is a broad medical term that encompasses several neurodegenerative conditions that have movement-related symptoms. These symptoms often include shaking, tremors, stiff muscles, slow movement, and problems with balance and coordination. Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive conditions that gradually damage parts of the brain, affecting motor and cognitive function over time.
Common Forms of Parkinsonism
- Parkinson’s disease: It is the most common and widely known form of Parkinsonism. It accounts for about 75% of Parkinsonism cases.
- Multiple system atrophy (MSA): A rare condition affecting involuntary functions like blood pressure, bladder control, and digestion. MSA often progresses more rapidly than Parkinson’s disease.
- Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP): Affects balance, walking, and eye movements. Typically appears after age 60 and progresses quickly.
- Corticobasal degeneration: Impacts movement and cognitive function, including coordination, memory, and reasoning.
- Dementia with Lewy bodies: A combination of dementia and Parkinsonian symptoms due to abnormal protein deposits in the brain.
- Drug-induced Parkinsonism: Caused by medications that reduce dopamine activity in the brain (such as certain antipsychotics). Symptoms may subside when you discontinue the medication.
- Vascular Parkinsonism: Results from reduced blood flow to the brain, often after a stroke. Common symptoms include an unsteady gait, but not always tremors.
It’s important to note that Parkinsonism is not a diagnosis. Instead, it is a general term for a collection of symptoms. Early in the disease process, when symptoms are nonspecific, a doctor might diagnose someone with Parkinsonism until they gather more information.
Atypical Parkinsonism
You may hear the term “atypical Parkinsonism” used to describe the less common forms of the condition. These forms often come with cognitive impairment, early balance issues, or a poor response to Parkinson’s medications. Atypical Parkinsonism tends to progress more rapidly and may affect younger individuals as well.
RELATED CONTENT: Assistive Devices for Seniors with Parkinson’s
What Is Parkinson’s Disease?
Parkinson’s disease is a specific neurological condition under the umbrella of Parkinsonism. It primarily affects movement. This neurodegenerative disease is characterized by a gradual loss of dopamine-producing brain cells. Dopamine is essential for controlling movement, so as dopamine levels drop, symptoms become more pronounced.
Common Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease
- Tremors (usually in the hands or fingers)
- Muscle stiffness
- Slow movement
- Decreased balance
- Slurred speech or difficulty speaking
- Muscle cramping
- Mask-like facial expressions
The condition progresses slowly. Some individuals may not get a diagnosis for several years after the first symptoms start.
RELATED CONTENT: Understanding & Managing Parkinson’s Disease
Diagnosis
Currently, there is no definitive test to diagnose Parkinson’s disease or other forms of Parkinsonism. Diagnosis involves a clinical assessment based on symptoms, medical history, and how the patient responds to certain treatments.
Doctors—often neurologists—may use the following tools:
- Neurological exams to assess movement and reflexes
- Brain imaging (MRI or PET scans) to rule out other conditions
- Trial of dopaminergic medications to see if symptoms improve
- Monitoring symptom progression over time
Because many forms of Parkinsonism share overlapping symptoms, it may take months or even years for a doctor to confirm a specific diagnosis.
Treatment & Outlook
While there is no cure for Parkinson’s disease or Parkinsonism, treatments can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Treatment plans typically include a combination of medications and supportive therapies.
Common Treatment Options
- Levodopa/carbidopa: Mmost effective medication for Parkinson’s disease; helps replenish dopamine levels
- Dopamine agonists: Mimic dopamine’s effects in the brain
- MAO-B inhibitors: Slow the breakdown of dopamine
- Physical therapy: Improves mobility and reduces fall risk
- Occupational therapy: Helps with daily tasks and maintains independence
- Speech therapy: Addresses speaking or swallowing issues
Emerging Therapies
Research into deep brain stimulation, gene therapy, and neuroprotective drugs continues to advance, offering hope for improved management in the future.
Outlook
Parkinson’s disease generally progresses slowly, and many people live long, fulfilling lives with the right support. Other forms of Parkinsonism, particularly atypical types, often progress more quickly and can be more resistant to standard treatments.
Parkinsonism vs Parkinson’s Disease at a Glance
| Feature | Parkinson’s Disease | Parkinsonism |
| Cause | Loss of dopamine-producing cells | Varies by condition |
| Progression | Slow | Often faster |
| Common Symptoms | Tremor, slow movement, stiffness | May include balance issues, cognitive decline |
| Response to Levodopa | Often positive | Usually limited or no response |
| Diagnosis | Clinical observation | Often requires specialist evaluation |
Supporting a Loved One with Parkinsonism
Caring for someone with Parkinson’s or Parkinsonism can be challenging, but the right support can make a big difference. Family members and caregivers should educate themselves about the condition, attend medical appointments when possible, and create a safe and structured home environment.
Tips for Caregivers
- Be patient with speech and mobility challenges, especially with the progression of the disease
- Encourage daily routines and gentle exercise
- Monitor for medication side effects
- Provide emotional support and reassurance
- Consider hiring in-home care for assistance with personal tasks
Final Thoughts
While Parkinson’s disease and Parkinsonism share many symptoms, they are not the same. Understanding the differences can help patients and caregivers navigate the healthcare system, set realistic expectations, and develop an appropriate care plan.
If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease or another form of Parkinsonism, Caring Senior Service can help. Our professional caregivers provide support with daily routines like toileting, dressing, meal preparation, and light housekeeping. We help seniors live safely and with dignity at home. Contact your local Caring office to learn more about how we can support your family.
